A SPANISH REFERENCE
GRAMMAR

I. THE ALPHABET (el alfabeto)

a (a), b (be), c (ce), ch (che), d (de), e (e), f (efe), g (ge), li (hache), i (i), j (jota), k (ka), 1 (ele), 11 (elle), m (eme), n (ene), ii (die), o (o), p (pe), q (cu), r (ere), rr (erre), s (ese), t (te), u (u), v (uve), w (doble uve), x (equis), y (i griega or ye) z (zeta). 1.1

II. PRONUNCIATION (pronunciaciOn)

Except h, and u in the combinations gu (+ e or hu and qu, every letter in Spanish is sounded pronounced. 2.

A. SOUNDS OF THE VOWELS (sonidos de las vocales)

1. All Spanish vowels are uttered clearly and distinctly. Each vowel is one unmodified sound. There is never any shading or gliding off into another vowel sound, as so frequently happens in English, as in no (no-u), why (whi-e), gate (ga-it), etc. Hold throughout

1 Paragraphs are numbered consecutively at the close of each. Cross-references are made by referring to these numbers.

1

i),

or