64 A SPANISH REFERENCE GRAMMAR

elements of the sentence their use becomes necessary: lei varios libros escritos en el siglo XVI, los cuales encontre interesantisimos, I read several books written in the 26th century which (the books) I found very interesting. 299.

8. El cual or el que are often necessary when the main clause contains two or more nouns of different gender or number: conoci alli a la hija de un comerciante, la cual me diO este cuadro, I became acquainted there with a merchant's daughter who'gave me this picture. 300.

9. El cual or el que, like quien, may be used to introduce an explanatory clause making an additional statement, or used after a pause in the sentence: mas tarde se escaparon los laarop_e_s, a los cuales buscamos todavia, later the robbers, whom we are still seeking, escaped. 301.

1o. After a preposition of two or more syllables or a compound preposition, el cual or el que, preferably the former, is necessary; however, if the antecedent is a person, quien or even que may be used after en, de, a, con: una ciudad, alrededor de la cual se veian muchos picos elevados, a city around which rose many high peaks; el hombre cerca de quien (del que, del cual) me sentaba, the man near whom I was sitting. 302.

1. El cual, like which in English, may be followed by a noun: prometiO hacerlo, la cual

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS   65

promesa me sorpssacliO mucho, he promised to do so, which promise surprised me greatly. 303.

12. Lo cual and lo que refer to ideas or statements expressed in an antecedent clause: ella me sonriO bondadosamente, lo cual no esperaba, she smiled kindly at me, which I did not expect (her to do). 304.

For lo que, what, that which, see 33o.

13. Cuanto as a relative includes its antecedent and equals todo lo que (todos los que, etc.): le doy cuanto tengo, I give you all that I have; me pide cuantas fibres cojo, he begs of me all the flowers that I gather. 305.

14. Cuyo, a possessive relative referring to persons or things, is used only as adjective and as such agrees with the noun it modifies (see 292): el agente cuyas palabras oimos, the agent whose words we heard. 306.

vi 15. Cuvo must be replaced by _a Ac uien in referring to parts of the body or clothing: el nirio a quien rompi la chaqueta, the child whose jacket I tore. 307.

16. Cuyo is occasionally found as relative which before a noun instead of el cual (see 303): visitO a Madrid cuya ciudad le gusto mucho, he visited Madrid which city he liked much. 308.

C. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS. In addition to those indefinites listed in 228 that may be used as