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Spanish Course Lesson 9 LOS SUSTANTIVOS (The Nouns)
The nouns agree in gender: male and female, and in number: singular or plural with the article (el hombre, la calle, los días, las madres, etc.).
Gender
The most common end of the nouns is
Masculino Femenino -o -a,
-e, -d, -i,-ista, -l, -n, -r, -s, -ú, -x, -z
Generally, the end -o is male and the end –a is female. The ambiguity of the other forms disappear with the article
Nouns that are male:
Nouns that are female:
Some nouns that cause confusion:
Male:
Female:
Nouns that begin with the setter a or with the form a stressed, take the article “el” due to phonological reasons, but they do not lose their gender if it is female: aula, hambre, alma, agua, etc.
Number
How to form the plural: Singular -vowels -a/-e/-o (cara, elefante, vaso)
Plural -s (caras, elefantes, vasos)
With the consonants: -d, -j, -l, -m, -n, -r, -s, -y (pared, reloj, árbol, álbum, camión, mar, compás, rey) The plural is formed by adding: -es (paredes, relojes, árboles, álbumes, camiónes, mares, compases, reyes)
Example
Los relojES
With the vowels: –á/í/ú (sofá, maní, ombú) the plural is: -aes/íes/úes (sofaes, maníes, ombúes)
With the consonant: -z (vez) the plural is: -ces (veces) Days of the week (lunes) the plural is: (lunes)
Collective nouns (for example: gente, manada, familia, etc.) are used in the singular form. They also form their plural in a regular form: familias, manadas, etc.
Lectura (Reading)
María remodelará su casa. El pintor pintará las paredes del living de color amarillo y la pared de la entrada de color blanco. Las sillas quedarán igual, pero la mesa será nueva. Los muebles serán de estilo moderno. Toda la familia está muy contenta. Podrán elegir los colores que deseen para sus dormitorios.
Maria is going to remodel her home. The painter is going to paint the walls of the living room yellow and the entrance wall, white. The chairs are going to remain the same, but the table is going to be a new one. The furniture is going to be in modern style. The whole family is really happy. The will be able to choose the colors they want for their bedrooms.
Exercises:
1) Write the corresponding singular or plural article of the following nouns:
la casa, el pintor, las paredes, el living, el color, las sillas, la mesa, los muebles, la familia, los dormitorios, los colores.
2) Write the singular or plural as applicable of the following nouns: Casa (house) - casas Pintor (painter) - pintores Paredes (walls) - pared Color (color) - colores Sillas (chair) - silla Mesa (table) - mesas Muebles (furniture) - mueble Familia (family) - familias Dormitorio (bedroom) – dormitorios
3) Complete with the correct article. LA Cara - EL Pelo - EL Brazo - LA Cabeza - EL Dedo del pie - LA Mano - EL Dedo - EL Hombro - LA Cadera - EL Pecho - LA Cintura - LA Rodilla - EL Tobillo - EL Pie - LA Pierna - EL Cuello -
4) Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the nouns:
a. Los relojes (reloj) están descompuestos. (The clocks aren’t working) b. Fuimos al cerro muchas veces (vez). (We went to the mountain many times) c. Las montañas (montaña) eran muy altas. (The mountains were very high) d. El agua (agua) estaba fría. (The water was cold) e. Voy a clase (clase) de esquí los lunes y los miércoles (lunes, miércoles) (I go to ski classes on Mondays and Wednesdays) f. Los árboles (árbol) tenían un color ocre. (The trees were ochre) g. Los huéspedes (huésped) se hospedaron en un hotel lujoso. (The guests stayed in a luxury hotel) h. Muchas familias (familia) emigraron a España. (Many families emigrated to Spain). i. El aula (aula) estaba llena de estudiantes. (The classroom was full of students)
5) Write two sentences using the following collective nouns: gente, familia.
La gente estaba realmente asombrada (People were really surprised) La familia llegó justo a tiempo para ver el partido de fútbol. (The family arrived just on time to match the football match)
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El
Caballo
El
reloj 
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